All living things depend on four macromolecules. An important type of protein are enzymes. Read the following article on enzymes: Enzymes Exposed by Lisa Grossman.
What are enzymes? What do they do? How do they work? How can scientists use enzymes to help people?
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Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Enzymes can make chemical reactions in a cell go faster. They coordinate most of the chemical reactions in life. According to the Michaelis-Menten equation, enzymes meet molecules on regular terms and perform their transactions at a constant speed. This equation was wrong because cells can have a different numbers of enzymes. Scientists studies the enzymes that affect our reactions to certain things in a persons body. Scientists can also find new ways to make enzymes healthier and better for our cells.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts-which is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions that take place in cells.
ReplyDeleteThe key point in this article is that Michaelis-Menten's equation of enzymes is incorrect, which confuses me, because they don't describe in detail why it is wrong. They use the analogy that a cell is like a busy city and that scientist's don't take into account the fact that enzymes "get stuck in traffic".They explain that cells are crowded, but in a literal sense what kind of traffic are they getting stuck in? Are cells not dynamic and organized? And how would scientists test something like that? This article was confusing to me because I feel they never thoroughly explain how they have proven Michaelis-Menten's equation wrong.
To fully understand what an enzyme is, one must know what a catalyst is. A catalyst is a compound that accelerates a certain chemical reaction; an enzyme is the biological equivalent. They speed up chemical reactions in organisms that would otherwise take too long for the organism to be able to live.
ReplyDeleteA chemical reaction may, for example, take 10 seconds. This would be too slow to be usable in the body, so an enzyme may come into play to speed up the reaction. They do this by reducing the amount of energy required to initiate the reaction. With the enzyme, the reaction may take .001 seconds, which is a much shorter time.
Recently, a scientist named Sunney Xie discovered a discrepency in the long hailed "Michaelis-Menten formula" for calculating reaction times with enzymes. He found that sometimes reactions with enzymes were slower, while at others they were faster; however, the times still average out in accordance with the Michaelis-Menten formula. Because of this knew insight, scientists may be able to develop more accurate and useful drugs that could cure infamous sicknesses such as cancer. Though the data is still experimental, conclusive results could impact the entire world.
Enzymes are proteins that act biological to catalyst. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. For a chemical reaction to take place, the reactants must collide with enough energy so that existing bonds will be broken and new bonds will be formed. Scientists have found many ways to make enzymes healthier for our cells.
ReplyDeleteThis week in class we learned about chemical reactions and enzymes. This article went into the deeper workings of enzymes. At the beginning of the article, the author compared scientists figuring out the inner-workings of a cell to that of makings street maps, but maps don't tell you how things work. An enzyme is a kind of catalyst and it speeds up chemical reactions in cells. Later in the article, the author went deeper into the shape of enzymes, and the shape-shifting of enzymes. They compared it to a lock and key, an enzyme only fits together with one other type of partner and shapes itself to fit perfectly with said partner. Even what we know now is going to change and develop. Now scientists have found and are finding ways to better engineer enzymes.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy in the reaction Enzymes make reations in the body go fast by letting them go with less energy than is normally needed. It works when the enzyme morphs into something else by using the partner molecule called the substrate. Enzymes can make you healthier ad make it easier for your body to digest.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are basically the biological equivalent of a catalyst. Catalysts are substances that allow a chemical reaction to happen more quickly. They do this by lowering the amount of energy needed for the reaction to take place. Enzymes fulfill the same role as catalysts, except for the fact that enzymes are proteins, and as such are able to work inside the human body's cells. Since they both speed up the reaction and lower the amount of activation energy required, they allow reactions to occur at a pace that will actually benefit the human body as well as at a normal body temperature. Therefore, enzymes are vitally important to the human body.
ReplyDeleteIn the article, the author explained how the Michaelis-Mente equation, which predicts how long a reaction will take, could be inaccurate. As biophysicist Ramon Grima of the University of Edinburgh recently demonstrated, chemical reactions don't have as much space to take place in a cell as within a test tube in a lab experiment. Real enzyme-assisted reactions in real cells may have as much as a 20 percent decrease in speed. For drug designers, this potential decrease in reaction speed means that the amount of enzyme inhibition drugs needed to combat a particular disease may be up to seven times higher than that predicted by the Michaelis-Mente equation.
This new perception of enzyme-assisted reactions, along with other new findings that researchers such as Xie, Kim, and Price have discovered, may help drug designers and other people in the world of medicine to improve their medication. Hopefully, all of this research will lead to more effective drugs that treat many different kinds of diseases.
In class we learned about how enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. Because enzymes are catalysts for reactions, enzymes can be affected by any variable that influences a chemical reaction. Sunney Xie, a Harvard University Professor, proposed that enzymes flip-flop between different shapes, doing the same job at different speeds. K. Blank performed an experiment of the subject. The experiment found that when they pulled on part of the enzyme with an atomic force microscope, the enzyme worked faster. Pulling on the enzyme changed its shape and its ability to catalyze reactions.
ReplyDeleteWe learned that enzymes act as biological catalysts. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions. They are any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperature. In the article it says scientists believe enzymes can shape shift, or change shape. Many experiments by scientists like Sunny Xie and K. Blank have been made to try and prove this. The experiment proved that, when pulled apart, the enzyme could preform faster.
ReplyDeleteIn the article the author uses a lock to explain an enzyme. Enzymes and catalyst's do the same job in that they both speed up chemical reactions. They do this by lowering the energy needed to make a reaction happen. The author says the lock is like the enzyme and the key hole is the active site. That makes the key the reactant. Scientists can use this to our benefit because they can use enzymes to help our bodies and possibly help fight many diseases.
ReplyDeleteFirst, in class we learned that a chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. But some chemical reactions are too slow, or take too much energy to get started reacting. A catalyt is a substance that makes the chemical reaction take less energy by lowering the reactions activation energy. Enzymes are biological catalysts that make the chemical reactions faster. The enzymes are very specific and only catalyze a chemical reaction.The addition of an enzyme lowers the activation energy in this reaction. Also, enzymes are protiens.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. Enzymes are selective for their substrates and speed up reactions. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction witch dramatically brings up the rate of the reaction. Enzyme reactions are a lot faster than un-catalyzed reactions. Enzymes can catalyze about 4,000 biochemical reactions. In our body we use Enzymes to fight disease,inflammation, and to slow down the aging process. Scientist have used Enzymes to help people with digestive
ReplyDeleteproblems and back pain.
JeffW 7 peiod
ReplyDeleteEnzymes is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions, lowers activation. Enzymes makes it so reactions speed up by lowering activation energy. It puts a stress on the bond that holds the substrate together and starts the reaction. They could create a organism that eats toxic and spits out biofuel. They also could convert compounds that are either cheap and abundant, or deleterious, and make them into something valuable and useful and good for the environment.
Enzymes are protiens that speed up the process of chemical reactions. The molecules are called substrates and the enzymes convert them into different molecules called procducts.They work by lowering the activation energy and enzymes are effected by temputure. Enzymes can be found in antibiotics and washing powders which breakdown fat and other food stains on clothes.
ReplyDeleteIn this article you learn why enzymes are important. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Enzymes can do several things.Enzymes make chemical reactions in cells go faster. They also coordinate almost every chemical reaction in life. This has to do with what we are learning in class because it goes into further detail about enzymes. “Any reaction occurring inside the cell will be impacted by these conditions, but we don’t know exactly how,” Grima says. Enzymes are extremely important because we need them to make chemical reactions go fast in our body.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are a biological catalyst that accelerate chemical reactions. They reduce the need for activation energy to start reactions. The enzyme has spaces called active sites. These active sites hold different reactants, also known as substrates. These substrates are then processed by the enzyme, and become a whole new substance, also known as the product. The enzymes make reactions extremely fast, much faster than un-catalyzed reactions. Enzymes shape themselves to the substances they come in contact with. Scientists have a standard equation to describe enzymes. It is called the Michaelis-Menten equation, and it is a very broad description of enzymes. Scientist current research focuses on using enzymes to use cells to produce biofuels and other valuable products.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are proteins and biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. Enzymes work by speeding up chemical reactions which are too slow of a activation energy. Also they put stress on a bond that holds the substrate together and starts the reaction. Scientist can help people with enzymes by helping the process of making anibiotics and helping cure diseases. This articale "Enzymes Exposed" by Lisa Grossman relates to what we are learning in class because it helps us understand what enzymes are and how they are helpful to us.
ReplyDeleteIn this article we learn about what enzymes do and how they work. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions, which is also what a catalyst is. Enzymes are usually supposed to meet up with other molecules in regular intervals and do their transactions at a regular speed. Enzymes enable transcribing DNA, digesting food, and generate light for fireflies. Enzymes can help fight many dieseases in humans if used with an effective drug. Enzymes can help different parts of your body such as back pain or digesting food.
ReplyDeleteDNA is a nucleic acid that contains genetic intrustions used in development and functioning of all known living organisms. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints, like a recipe or a code, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are proteins in cells that act as catalysts. They speed up the chemical reactions in cells. By lowering a reaction's activation energy, a catalyst is able to speed up the chemical reaction of a substance. They enzyme has a specific shape that fits one or more specific molecule(s). The molecules that need the assistance of enzymes are called substrates. The substrate(s) go into the active zone of the enzyme and the speeding of chemical reaction begins. The compounds produced by the enzyme is called the product. The product leaves the enzyme and the enzyme resumes its original shape and is ready to work on another substrate. When an enzyme is not needed, it can be turned off by changing its shape or destroy it with extreme changes in temperature, pH levels or enzyme concentration.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes help with the production of biofuels. Biofuels are environmentally friendly and at this point of global warming, the human population has to find ways to be more earth-friendly. The earth's demand for fuels is increasing rapidly. If we used green products like biofuels, hopefully pollution will not get more serious so that we have less health problems.
Enzymes are proteins that help things change. Also this is related to what we learned because it talks about enzymes and we have been focusing on it. In addition the article spoke how they are in cells. How they are also in most living life forms. Those are some ways this relates to the class.
ReplyDeleteBefore defining the word enzyme, one must first understand what a catalyst is. A catalyst is a compound that accelerates certain chemical reactions. An enzyme is a catalyst, but in a biological form, and, in this case, it is a protein. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. There is a standard equation explaining enzymes called the Michaelis-Menten equation referenced in the article that vaguely describes the process in which enzymes work. The main point that it proves is that enzymes meet up with other molecules regularly, and stay at a constant speed. Enzymes are currently being used, or researched by scientists to be used, for things such as biofuel and nerve regeneration.
ReplyDeleteEnzymes are a type of protein that act as catalysts to bring around a specific biochemical reaction. Enzymes arrange the greater part of the chemical reactions vital for life and make these reactions in cells move at a faster rate. Enzymes are meant to encounter other molecules at constant interludes and do their proceedings at a constant rate. For a chemical reaction to occur, the reactants have to collide with adequate energy so that existing bonds will be fragmented and new bonds will be formed. Scientists can use enzymes to help people by studying enzymes in the human body that affect human's reactions to things in the world. Scientists can search out modern ways to make enzymes healthier and in higher quality for human cells.
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